The energy transition from a fossil fuel-based material economy to a diversified ecosystem including e.g. electricity from wind and solar, hydrogen as en energy carrier, and circularity in the material flows requires large-scale efficient integration of the evolving systems.
Distributed new infrastructure has to built or upgraded and dynamics from intermittency of solar and wind recognised in the total design and operation.
To fully leverage new forms of energy and material flows and tailor investments for the projected needs towards a zero carbon industry, smart design integration of the emerging renewable based economy is a relevant focus area.

System integration entails a design approach of flexibility generally having a distributed operational strategy to create robustness and allow for dynamic distribution of energy as it becomes available towards a network of consumers.
Methods from optimization and control on all time scales leveraging modern algorithms connected with informed human decision-making are a key enabler managing the complexity of future energy systems.

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